What exactly is UTERUS CANCER (ovaries cancer) ?

Illustration of UTERUS CANCER (ovaries cancer)

What exactly is UTERUS CANCER (ovaries cancer) ? Do the same with cervical cancer ? Yes, indeed probably many question marks regarding this, Actually, uterine cancer or ovarian cancer, and contains a detailed resemblance with cervical cancer. Until recently, ovarian cancer is known as the "silent killer" since it is usually tough to be detected until a complicated stage. For more details, this i describe a bit by what it turned out ovarian cancer, will help everyone to recognize this cancer. Cervical cancer verdict.

Cervical cancer is usually a malignant tumor in the lining with the uterus (endometrium). Uterine cancer usually occurs after menopause and often attack the caravan of girls aged 50-60 years. Cervical cancer can spread to parts of the body for example the ovaries, fallopian tubes and lymph systems. The precise cause of ovarian cancer is unknown, even so the disease generally seems to involve a rise in levels of estrogen. On the list of normal functions of estrogen is always to stimulate the development from the epithelial lining in the uterus.

Appearance with the uterus and cancer tissue on the Girls that endure uterine cancer has certain risk factors. Risk factors are factors that lead to increased probability of an individual undertake a disease. A number of the risk factors of cervical cancer include age, obesity, DM, hypertension or infertility. Signs and symptoms of cervical cancer include abnormal uterine bleeding, abnormal menstrual cycles, lower abdominal pain or pelvic cramping, pain or difficulty when urinating waste and pain during intercourse.

Every woman should undergo a pelvic exam and pap smear regularly to get any signs of abnormal growth. Girls that have risk factors for cervical cancer should undergo more frequent pelvic exam, pap smear and endometrial biopsy. Cancer in the uterus (womb) is in fact the most common cancer in the endometrium, the spot that the fetus grows. Uterine cancer usually happens in women> 60 years, obesity, early menstruation early age, late menopause, never been pregnant, excessive estrogen stimulation, previous cervical cancer inherited.

Many studies show levels of estrogen are likely involved inside growth and development of cervical cancer. While pregnant, estrogen production increases cancel out the increased manufacture of estrogen progesterone Women while using highest production being offset increased production of progesterone could raise the risk factor. Warning signs of bleeding after menopause irregular menstrual cycles, bleeding between menstrual periods, fishy odor from your vagina, lumbar pain, pain while urinating, pain during intercourse, pain and bleeding during bowel movements. For the diagnosing pelvic examination suggested 1x 1-three years at 18-40 years old each year after age 40 years.

The actual root cause of ovarian cancer is unknown, but the disease seems to be involve an increase in estrogen levels. One of the normal functions of estrogen would be to stimulate the organization of the epithelial lining from the uterus.  Signs and symptoms of ovarian cancer will not be specific. Recent surveys have established that cervical cancer patients typically have the following symptoms are settled :

1. Abdominal pressure (feeling full, swelling or bloating)
2. Feeling the urge to urinate constantly
3. Other symptoms include:
4. Persistent indigestion (gas or nausea)
5. CHAPTER habits change for no apparent reason, including constipation
6. Lack of appetite or quickly feeling full
7. Pain during intercourse (dyspareunia)
8. Limp and exhausted sustainable
9. Pain in the community about the waist / hip
10. Changes in menstrual period

Signs of Cervical Cancer

Cervical cancer is a kind of cancer can be quite frightening and occur most commonly in women in this particular time period. Many of the reasons for the occurrence of cervical cancer, that happen to be :

1. Married in a very young age
2. Frequent change of sexual partners
3. Herpes within the sex organs
4. Gave birth to many children
5. Often infected cervix

Disease process would take ages and initially without complaints and symptoms. Therefore often recognized too far gone, need Papaniculau examination (Pap's smear) periodically. New cancer symptoms appear after the cancer entered a professional stage. Initially whitish not itch, but it really smells rotten, could also be bleeding after intercourse, anemia and if your cancer progresses in a chronic stage from the body will decrease the power of endurance, making your body look more thin, weak and pale.

In the event the cancer continues to be the first stages, the cancer be discarded or considered all of ovaries removed. Should you have had stage III and IV, the operation isn't feasible anymore for the reason that cancer had spread everywhere.

When you should For the DOCTOR ?

See your doctor should you experience symptoms of abdominal swelling, bloating, pain inside the abdomen / pelvis continuously for over a few weeks. If the doctor doesn't find cervical cancer diagnosis, be sure you get yourself a second opinion. Sure your medical professional performs a pelvic exam.

Your physician may recommend a number with the following tests to diagnose uterine cancer :

• Ultrasonography (USG)

Tumor marker CA-125. Many women with ovarian cancer have abnormal degrees of CA 125 in their blood.

• CT SCAN or MRI

Detail test leads to cervical cancer, surgery will probably be performed (laparaskopi) which is taken small incisions from the abdomen plus the abdominal cavity exploration to find out if there is cancer. If cervical cancer is confirmed, the surgeon plus the pathologist will identify the type of tumor and whether the cancer has spread.

• STADIUM UTERUS CANCER

1. Stage I. cancer is fixed to a single or both ovaries.
2. Stage II. The cancer has spread to locations within the pelvis, like the uterus or fallopian tubes.
3. Stage III. Cancer has spread to the lining in the abdomen (peritoneum) or to lymph nodes within the abdomen.
4. Stage IV. Ovarian cancer has spread to organs beyond your abdomen.

Cervical cancer treatment usually involves a variety of surgery and chemotherapy.

• Surgery

On the whole, patients with ovarian cancer require extensive surgery that included removing both ovaries, fallopian tubes and uterus as well as nearby lymph nodes and also a fold of fatty abdominal tissue referred to as omentum, where ovarian cancer often spreads.

• CHEMOTHERAPY

After surgery, you'll most likely undergo chemotherapy to kill cancer cells remaining. Initial regimen for ovarian cancer has a mix of carboplatin (Paraplatin) and paclitaxel (Taxol) is injected into the bloodstream (intravenously). Unwanted effects - including abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting - may occur.

• RADIATION

Radiation is usually not regarded as being effective for cervical cancer.

How Cervical Cancer After the verdict ?

Illustration of How Cervical Cancer After the verdict

How Cervical Cancer After the verdict ? What is meant by pre-cervical cancer (Cervical Dysplasia) is when Pap test results indicate the presence of abnormal cells on the surface of the cervix (cervical) under the microscope. Although it took more than 10 years before they turn into cervical cancer, it needs to watch out. Because when the cervical dysplasia treated early, can prevent the occurrence of cervical cancer in later life. Cancer and sexual life.

Pre-cancerous conditions of the cervix (cervical dysplasia) is described using the term squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL), which is usually assessed as follows :

• Low-grade (LSIL)
• High-grade (HSIL)
• Maybe cancerous (malignant)

When a Pap smear test result is not good, the doctor will usually recommend that HPV DNA testing done or biopsy to see signs of cervical cancer. Dysplasia seen in cervical biopsies using the term neoplacia cervical intraepithelial (CIN), and grouped into three categories:

• CIN I - mild dysplasia
• CIN II - moderate to marked dysplasia (marked displacia)
• CIN III - severe dysplasia to cervical pre-cancer

Cause of Cervical Pre-Cancer

Most cases of cervical dysplasia occur in women aged 25-35, although it can develop at any age. Almost all cases of cervical dysplasia or cervical cancer caused by HPV is transmitted through sexual contact. Things that can increase the risk of cervical dysplasia :

1. Women who are sexually active before the age of 18 years
2. Give birth before the age of 16 years
3. Has a lot of sexual partners
4. Using drugs that suppress the immune system (immunosuppressant)
5. Smoke

Pre-Treatment of Cervical Cancer

Without treatment, 30-50% of cases of severe cervical dysplasia can become invasive cervical cancer. Risk of cervical cancer is lower for mild dysplasia. Treatment depends on the degree of dysplasia. Mild cervical dysplasia (LSIL or CIN I) may disappear by itself. You only need to repeat the Pap smear test every 3-6 months. If repeated for 2 years, treatment is usually recommended. Treatment for moderate to severe cervical dysplasia or cervical dysplasia recurring minor may include :

• Cryosurgery
• Electrocauterization
• Evaporation laser to destroy abnormal tissue
• Use electrocauter LEEP procedure to remove abnormal tissue
• Surgery to remove the abnormal tissue (cone biopsy)

Very rarely, hysterectomy (surgical removal of the uterus) is done. Women with cervical dysplasia should consistently follow-up, usually every 3 to 6 months as recommended by your doctor.

Pre-Cervical Cancer Prevention

HPV vaccination may be considered to prevent the occurrence of cervical pre-cancer. Girls who receive HPV vaccine before they become sexually active can reduce their risk of cervical cancer by 70%. In addition, to prevent cervical cancer, you should :

• Do not smoke
• Do a practice monogamy
• Use a condom during sexual intercourse
• Do not have sex, until at least the age of 18 years or more

Cervical cancer and your sexual life

Illustration of Cervical cancer and your sexual life

Cervical cancer and your sexual life. You may feel nervous about your sexual life after a diagnosis of cervical cancer, or when you're in a phase of treatment. If you are having chemotherapy, good partner to use a condom. It's just a precaution only, so far there is not enough information about the side effects of chemo are channeled through the vaginal mucus. Cancer healthy.

It is good when you give pause for a few weeks of recovery. After that sex is safe. Sex can not make you more severe cervical cancer or increase the risk of cancer recurrence. Cervical cancer is not a contagious disease so that your partner does not need to worry.

You may just need a little time to adapt to your current condition. Anxiety will only lower the mood for sex. When this happens, talk openly with your partner and find a way out together. If you both do not find an agreement, it is worth visiting sex therapist or psychologist to consult. If the diagnosis of cervical cancer shows that you are infected with the HPV virus, then your partner should also undergo HPV testing and treatment. So, be carefully with this one of deathly virus in the world.

Talking with your doctor About Cervical Cancer

Illustration of Talking with your doctor About Cervical Cancer

Talking with your doctor About Cervical Cancer. When you deal with cervical cancer and its treatment, we encourage you to be honest and open talk with your doctor. Feel free to ask any questions you have in your mind, no matter how small it seems. It is better than silence about Cervical cancer in what we must to knowing the cervical cancer.

Here are some questions you might want to ask. Be sure to add your own questions in it. Nurses, social workers, and members of the support group may also be able to answer your questions. Each people may have different opinion or question about Cervical Cancer. But in here we try to collect among of them usually several question it to a doctor of Cervical Cancer.

1. Please explain me about the types of cancer that are contracting ?
   
2. Is my cancer has spread beyond the cervix ?
   
3. What stage of my cancer and what does that mean in the case of my cancer ?
   
4. What treatment options are there for me ?
   
5. What suggestions Doctor and why ?
   
6. Are there any risks or side effects of treatment that doctors recommend ?
   
7. Can I get pregnant / have children after treatment ?
   
8. What are my treatment options if I want to have children in the future ?
   
9. Will I lose my hair ? If so, what can I do ?
   
10. Is the possibility of the cancer coming back after treatment ?
    
11. What should I do to prepare for treatment ?
    
12. Should I follow a special diet ?
    
13. Based on what you have learned about my cancer, how long do you think I can survive (survive) ?
    
14. What I tell my children, husband, parents or other members of my family about this ?

Cervical Cancer Herbal medicine : Typhonium Plus

Illustration of

Cervical Cancer Herbal medicine

Cervical Cancer Herbal medicine : Typhonium Plus. For those of you who want to use herbal medicine for the treatment of cervical cancer medical support, you can consume Typhonium Plus - a herbal potion (100% NATURAL) from rodent tuber plant extracts (Typhonium flagelliforme) are efficacious strengthen the immune system to fight the cells cervical cancer.

Extract Typhonium Flagelliforme (rodent tuber) and other natural ingredients to help detoxification of the blood system. This herb contains a ribosome inacting protein (RIP), which serves to disable the development of cancer cells, eroding the cancer cells without damaging the surrounding tissue and block the growth of cancer cells.

Cervical cancer patients can use Typhonium Plus with 2 ways, namely :

1. Taken : a dose of 2 capsules 3 times a day.
   
2. Mixed : TP capsule is opened, the powder is mixed with betel leaf boiled water to clean your female sex organs.

Cervical Cancer Procedure

Illustration of

Cervical Cancer Procedure

Cervical Cancer Procedure. Standard therapy includes management of cervical cancer : surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Treatment of pre-cancerous stage cervical cancer - stage 1A is to : hysterectomy (surgical removal with the uterus). If the patient still really wants to have children, LEEP or cone biopsy method might be an option.

Management of cervical cancer stage IB and IIA would be to :

1. Once the tumor size <4cm : radiotherapy or radical hysterectomy with / without chemo.
   
2. When the tumor size >4cm : radiotherapy and cisplatin-based chemotherapy, hysterectomy, or cisplatin-based chemotherapy followed by hysterectomy.

Treating advanced cervical cancer (IIB-IVA) is with radiotherapy and cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Inside very late-stage (IVB), doctors may consider chemotherapy having a blend of drugs, one example is hycamtin and cisplatin. If recovery isn't likely, with regards to therapy for cervical cancer is usually to remove or destroy numerous cancer cells. Sometimes treatment is aimed at relieving symptoms. This is known as palliative care.

Additional factors that will affect your treatment decisions incorporate your age, your entire health and your preferences. Often quite aware of obtain a second opinion (second opinion) which gives you another perspective of your disease.

Operation Cervical Cancer Appointment

There are lots of sorts of cervical cancer surgery. Some involve removing the uterus (hysterectomy), additional is not. Next is common type of kind of surgery use :

Cryosurgery

A metal probe cooled with liquid nitrogen is inserted to the vagina and also on the cervix. This kills the abnormal cells by freezing them. Cryosurgery is employed to take care of cervical cancer that exists only inside the cervix (stage 0), but is not an invasive cancer that has spread beyond the cervix.

Laser Surgery

A laser is needed of burning cells or remove a little part of the uterine tissue for being studied. Laser surgery is only used like a treatment for pre-invasive cervical cancer (stage 0).

Konisasi

Cone-shaped piece of tissue are going to be stripped away from the cervix. This can be done with a scalpel or laser tau by using a thin wire heated by electricity (the process is called a LEEP or LEETZ). This approach enables you to find or treat initial phase cervical cancer (0 or I). It can be rarely used as being the sole treatment except for women with early-stage cervical cancer who may want to have children. Following the biopsy, tissue (cone shaped) removed for examination within a microscope. In the event the boundary fringe of the cone containing cancerous or pre-cancerous cells, further treatment will likely be necessary to be sure that all cancer cells are removed.

Hysterectomy

Simple hysterectomy: The uterus is slowly removed, but will not include the network which can be nearby. The two vagina along with the pelvic lymph nodes are not removed. Uterus could be surgically removed in front in the abdomen (stomach) or over the vagina. Next operation, a woman are not able to conceive. Hysterectomy is normally utilized to treat some early stage cervical cancer (I). Additionally it is accustomed to pre-stage cervical cancer (o), should the cancer cells are simply close to the boundary conization.

Panhysterectomy and pelvic node dissection: in this particular operation, the surgeon will get rid of the entire uterus, nearby tissues in the vagina next to the cervix, plus some lymph nodes found in the pelvic area. This surgery is often times done by cutting throughout the front on the abdomen and less frequently with the vagina. After this operation, a lady can't become pregnant. A radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymph gland dissection is commonly employed for the management of cervical cancer stage I, and less frequently also found in some cases of stage II, specifically in young women.

Sexual impact of hysterectomy: After having a hysterectomy, a girl could feel lovemaking. A lady doesn't have a uterus to achieve orgasm. Should the cancer has caused pain or bleeding, however, surgery can improve a ladies sexual life by stopping these symptoms.

Trachelektomi

An operation called radical trachelectomy allows certain young ladies with early-stage cancer to become treated nevertheless manage to have children. This method involves the elimination of the cervix and upper vagina and hang up the stitches shaped like a pouch that acts because opening on the cervix to the uterus. Nearby lymph nodes can also be removed. This operation is finished through the vagina or abdomen.

Next operation, some women might have long-term pregnancies and healthy babies by Caesarean section. A single study, being pregnant rate after a few years is more than 50%, however the risk of miscarriage is over normal women in the main. Risking potential the cancer returning following this approach is reasonably low.

Pelvic Exstenteration

Besides taking all of the organs and tissues mentioned previously, in this particular sort of surgery: bladder, vagina, rectum, and colon seemed to be removed partially. This operation is employed when cervical cancer recurred after previous treatment. Please take a number of years, 6 months or more, to recoup because of this surgery. Some say it took about 1-couple of years to completely accommodate this radical change. However, women who have undergone this surgery can continue to live a cheerful and productive life.


Radiotherapy for Cervical Cancer

Radiotherapy will be the management of cervical cancer with good-energy rays (for instance X-rays) to kill cancer cells or shrink the tumor. Before radiotherapy performed, typically you may undergo blood tests to discover if you suffer from anemia. Cervical cancer patients who experience bleeding generally speaking have problems with anemia. Therefore, blood transfusion can be necessary before radiotherapy run.

Noisy. stages of cervical cancer, your doctor in most cases give radiotherapy (external and internal). Sometimes radiotherapy is additionally given after surgery. Lately, doctors often start a combination therapy (radiotherapy and chemotherapy) to manage cervical cancer are between stage IB to IVA. Which is, among others, if the tumor size bigger than 4 cm or when the cancer can be found to obtain spread to other tissues (beyond your cervix), e.g., towards bladder or bowel.

Radiotherapy there are 2 types, namely external radiotherapy and internal radiotherapy. External method of X-ray radiotherapy directed to your whole body (pelvic area) by way of a large machine. While internal radiotherapy means a radioactive material implanted to the uterus / cervix you for a long time to kill cancer cells. Strategy frequently used internal radiotherapy is brachytherapy.

Brachytherapy for Cervical Cancer

Brachytherapy has been utilized to manage cervical cancer considering that the beginning of this century. Treatment was successful enough to get rid of the malignancy in the female organs. Both radium and cesium has been used as being a radioactive source to supply internal radiation. Since the 1960s in Europe and Japan, it introduced HDR (high dose rate) brachytherapy.

HDR brachytherapy emerged only within minutes. To counteract potential complications of HDR brachytherapy, it is almost always succumbed multiple HDR brachytherapy insertions. For cervical cancer patients, the common treatment methods are 5 insertions. Time from which the applicator consistantly improves female tract (vagina, cervix and / or uterus) for every insertion is around 2.5 hours. For endometrial cancer patients who received brachytherapy alone maybe in combination with external radiotherapy, it'd require a total of 2 inserts with every time about 60 minutes.

HDR brachytherapy is advantage include: ambulatory patient enough, economically, light dose can be adjusted, there's no possibility of shifting the applicator. That may be quite important role for your success of brachytherapy may be the connection with the treating doctor.

Unwanted effects of Radiotherapy, a few :

1. Fatigue
2. Heartburn
3. Often to back (diarrhea)
4. Nausea
5. Provide
6. Alterations in skin tone (like burning)
7. Drought or scarring on the vagina causing painful intercourse
8. Early Menopause
9. Difficulty with urination
10. Fragile bones that fracture easily
11. Over the number of red blood cells (anemia)
12. Period of time volume of white blood cells
13. Swelling inside the legs (called lymphedema)

Discuss with your doctor or nurse in regards to the uncomfortable side effects you might experience. Often no treatment or other methods that can help. Because smoking enhances the side effects of radiotherapy, should you smoke you then must immediately stop.

Chemotherapy for Cervical Cancer

Chemotherapy would be the utilization of drugs to kill cancer cells. Usually the prescription medication is provided by infusion in a vein or orally. In the event the drug gets into the bloodstream, they spread throughout one's body. Sometimes a drug has at the same time.

Chemotherapy might cause negative effects. These negative effects will depend on the sort of drugs given, the total amount / dose given, and the way long the therapy lasts. Side effects can is :

1. Heartburn and vomiting (doctors can prescribe nausea / vomiting)
2. Decrease of appetite
3. Short-term hairloss
4. Thrush
5. Raise the likelihood of infection (leucocyte deficiency)
6. Bleeding or bruising when injury occurs (on account of anemia)
7. A suffocating feeling (from low RBC count)
8. Fatigue
9. Early Menopause
10. The losing of the chance to become pregnant (infertility)

Most adverse events (except for menopause and infertility) stops when medication is completed. In case you have any problems with negative effects, consult with your physician or nurse, and there is often methods to help. Administration of chemotherapy while doing so as radiotherapy can enhance the patient's recovery prospects, but can provide unwanted side effects worse. A medical expert will supervise a team of negative effects which enables it to deliver drugs that will help you feel better.

Cervical Cancer Early Detection

Illustration of

Cervical Cancer Early Detection

Cervical Cancer Early Detection. Early detection of cervical cancer done routinely undergo regular Pap smear tests. Here is a GUIDE early detection (screening) of cervical cancer do :

1. Cervical cancer screening should begin at age 21 years. Screening before age 21 should be avoided because it may increase the risk.
   
2. Pap Smear Test is recommended every 2 years for women aged 21-29 years.
   
3. Women aged 30 years and older who have three times (3x) consecutive test results of her Pap smear negative and with no history of CIN 2 or CIN 3, are not HIV-infected, do not have a problem with the immune system, and are not affected diethylstilbestrol in utero, can extend the interval between Pap tests to every 3 years.
   
4. Method of conventional Pap smear or liquid-based cytology, can be used in women who have undergone a total hysterectomy (surgical removal of the uterus), for benign uterine tumors and did not have a history of high-grade CIN, routine Pap tests should be stopped.
   
5. The combination of Pap smear test to HPV DNA test is the appropriate screening for women aged older than 30 years. Each low-risk women, aged 30 years or more, and who receive a negative test result on the above second screening, should be screened again, but no sooner than 3 years later.
   
6. Because cervical cancer develops slowly and risk factors decrease with age, it is reasonable to discontinue cervical cancer screening in women aged between 65-70 years, who have three or more negative Pap test results in a row and no Pap test results abnormal smear in the last 10 years.
   
7. Women who in the past have 2/CIN treatment for CIN 3, or cervical cancer remain at risk of cervical cancer for at least 20 years after treatment and after a period of initial observation, and should continue to have annual screening for at least the next 20 years.
   
8. Women who have received immunization for the virus HPV-16 and HPV-18, still have a cervical cancer screening test as above.

Taken from (American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists) for 2010.

How to Prevent Cervical Cancer ?

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How to Prevent Cervical Cancer

How to Prevent Cervical Cancer ? There are 2 approaches to prevent cervical cancer. The initial way can be found, then treat cervical pre-cancer, as well as the second is always to prevent the occurrence of cervical pre-cancer. The most common way to prevent cervical cancer is to conduct periodic checks through Pap Papanicolaou test or IVA test. Pap Pap test: named following the discoverer, Dr.. George Papanicolaou (1883-1962) of Greece. This test is needed to reveal whether it comes with an infection, inflammation, or abnormal cells from the cervix (neck in the womb).

Pap smear test can be performed within a hospital, clinic or laboratory nearest gynecologist. The procedure is fast (only has a short while) and painless. Pap smear tests can be carried out when you're not in a state of menstruation or pregnancy. For best results, you can't perform at least three days ahead of the examination.

Figure 1 : Your doctor inserts (tool) speculum in the vagina to support the vaginal walls open.
Figure 2 : Fluid / cervical mucus taken by rubbing (tool) spatula.
Figure 3 : The swab is then applied to the article-glass
Figure 4 : sample wanting to be taken to the pathology laboratory for examination.

Kinds of Pap smear test :

Conventional Pap Papanicolaou test : View the picture above.

Thin Prep Pap : usually done if the conventional Pap smear test email address particulars are less good / hazy. Mucus sample is taken which has a special tool (cervical brush), steer clear a wooden spatula and the the desired info is not clean towards object-glass, but sprayed its own liquid to discover contaminants, like blood and mucus making sure that a more accurate test results.

Thin prep plus the HPV DNA test : done whenever a Pap Pap test email address details are less good. Examined whether DNA samples containing HPV virus.

Pelvic examination vs. Pap Smear test

Some people in many cases are confused between pelvic examination versus Pap smears, probably since these a pair of things tend to be done simultaneously. Pelvic examination is part of an woman's routine medical. During this examination, your doctor could see and have the reproductive organs. Some women imagine that they just don't demand a pelvic exam after they stopped having children. This is simply not true.

Pelvic exams will help find diseases of the female organs. Nevertheless it won't find cervical cancer at a beginning stage. To the next end, Pap smear test is required. Pap Papanicolaou test is often done before a pelvic exam.

Another replacement for Pap Tests : Methods IVA

For your early detection of cervical cancer, besides Pap Papanicolaou test, other methods which might be selected is VIA (Visual Inspection with Ethanoic acid). IVA is employed to detect cervical cell abnormalities you after applying an alternative of ethanoic acid (acid cuka3-5%) from the cervix. Acetic acid and marking confirms pre-cancerous lesions with somewhat whitish discoloration (acetowhite change). The final results could be known immediately or within 15 minutes.

IVA method contains advantages in the Pap Papanicolaou test, because it is very simple (can be done on the health center), the results are quite sensitive plus the expense is very economical (starting at US$0.5). Unlike the Pap Smear test, study of the IVA method may also be exercised whenever you want, including during menstruation, while post-abortion or post-partum care. In the event the outcome is good, a visit is repeated for IVA test every 5yrs.

Example of Cervical Cancer Symptoms

Illustration of Example of Cervical Cancer Symptoms

Example of Cervical Cancer Symptoms. In early stages, cervical cancer usually does not cause symptoms. Symptoms often usually do not start before cancer has progressed a step forward and it has spread to nearby areas. It is best to immediately consult a health care professional, if symptoms of cervical cancer found below :

Is abnormal vaginal bleeding, for instance bleeding after intercourse, bleeding after menopause, bleeding and spotting between menstrual periods, and menstrual periods are longer or heavier than usual. Bleeding after douching, or from pelvic exam is a kind of symptom of cervical cancer, although not pre-cancerous.

Abnormal discharge in the vagina, with characteristics like : thick, yellow / brown, foul-smelling can and / or itching

Pain during intercourse

Certainly, these symptoms does not necessarily mean that you have cancer, however , you still have to seek advice from your personal doctor to discover the cause. It's wise to not wait until symptoms appear. Perform Pap tests and pelvic exams all the time.

Proper diagnosis of Cervical Cancer

When doctors suspect a good cervical cancer than Pap smear results, then it's going to normally suggest that you perform a combination of tests to find the presence / lack of cervical cancer. The examination can sometimes include, a few :

 Medical records and Physical Examination
The doctor asks about your medical information, associated risk factors, and about the health of your family members. A whole physical examination are going to be performed, including looking at the potential for cancer spread to lymph nodes or nearby organs.

Other tests, for example :

- Colposcopy, the cervix of binoculars.
- Cone biopsy, takes a bit of cervical tissue for examination by way of a pathologist.
- SCC tumor marker test through blood sampling

Cystoscopy, Proctoscopy, and examination under anesthesia

This is the procedure frequently performed on girls that have large tumors. This procedure is not needed if your cancer is detected in its early stages.

Cystoscopy : a thin tube light lens inserted into your bladder through the urethra to discover whether the cancer has progressed to the present area. Biopsy sample can also be taken immediately. Cystoscopy require anesthesia general anaesthesia.

Proctoscopy : light thin tube is employed to examine cervical cancer spread for your anus area.

Pelvic examination : The physician might also essential pelvic examination (under anesthesia) to discover perhaps the cancer has spread beyond the cervix area.

Following the Test : Determination Stage Cervical Cancer

The doctor will use the outcome above to determine the sized the tumor, how deeply the tumor has spread along with the potential for cervical cancer to lymph nodes or distant organs (metastasis).

Cancer staging can be a method for paramedics in conclusion how long cancer has spread. There are 2 systems which might be utilized in general to map the stages of cervical cancer, the FIGO system (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) and Cancer TNM system, each are similar. Both of these mappings classifying cervical cancer based on 3 factors: size / large tumor (T), perhaps the cancer has spread to the lymph nodes (N) and if it has spread to distant places (M).

In the AJCC system, staging using Roman numerals 0 s / d IV (0-4). On the whole, a lower number indicates the less likely the cancer has spread. Higher number, like stage IV (4) indicate a serious cancer.

Stage 0 : (Carsinoma in Situ) : cervical cancer cells are only only from the innermost lining on the cervix.

Stage I : The cancer is situated in the cervix only.

Stage II : Cancer has spread beyond the cervix although not towards the pelvic wall or perhaps the lower third from the vagina.

Stage III : Cervical cancer has spread towards lower third with the vagina, could have spread to the pelvic wall, and / or has caused the kidney seriously isn't functioning.

Stage IV : cervical cancer has spread towards bladder, rectum, or the rest of the body (the lungs, bones, liver, etc.).

Cervical Cancer may be the Symptoms ?

Illustration of

Cervical Cancer may be the Symptoms

Cervical Cancer may be the Symptoms ? So far not known the exact cause of cervical cancer. However, experts believe the next risk factors can increase the likelihood of cervical cancer :

Infection Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)Hpv cervical cancer, HPV (human papilloma virus) is suspected as the primary cause of danger factors of cervical cancer. HPV is really a number of greater than 100 related viruses, which may infect cells within the skin, is transmitted through skin contact for instance vaginal, anal, or head. Low-risk HPV viruses might cause disease genital warts (ward) that can heal itself with immunity. But also in high-risk HPV virus, like types 16, 18, 31, 33 and 45, genital herpes can transform the top of vaginal cells become abnormal. Or even promptly treated, the HPV virus infection in the long run can result in the organization of pre-cancerous cells on the cervix.

Unsafe sex, especially at the early age or having multiple sex partners, enabling the HPV virus infection. Three in the four new cases of HPV infection attacking women (aged 15-24 years). HPV Virus infection can happen in the first 2-four years these are if perhaps you are. In adolescence (12-twenty years) female reproductive organs are actively growing. Stimulation penis / sperm can trigger changes in cell properties become abnormal, especially if the injury occurs during intercourse then Human papilloma virus infection. Abnormal cells is high potential reason behind cervical cancer. Read to here, understanding of Cervical Cancer.

Finally , there are several vaccines that prevent HPV infection of some kind.

Other Risk Factors Reason for Cervical Cancer

Smoking: Women smokers have twofold greater odds of developing cervical cancer than non-smokers. Cigarettes contain many toxic substances that can cause cancer of the lung. These harmful substances taken in the body over the body with organs as well. By-product (by-products) are sometimes seen in cigarette cervical mucosa of ladies smokers.

1. HIV infection : Infection with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), the explanation for AIDS might also raise the risk of cervical cancer. HIV has made a woman's defense mechanisms is weak, which makes it less capable of fight HPV infection.
2. Chlamydia infection : Chlamydia bacteria commonly invade her vital organs and spread through sexual intercourse. Usually necessary tests to determine the chlamydial infection. Some research found that ladies who a history or current infections are in high risk of cervical cancer. Infection long term could also cause other serious problems. Diet: Everything you eat can also may play a role. An eating plan lower fruit and veggies might be related to increased cancer risk cervical. Also, ladies who are obese / obese are in high risk level.
3. Contraceptive pills : By using long-term family planning pills can increase the risk of cervical cancer. Research found how the risk of cervical cancer increases while using longer women while using contraceptive pill and generally decreased throughout the pill-stop. You must check with a medical expert around the positives and negatives from the by using family planning pills to suit your needs.
4. Have Much Pregnancy : Ladies who underwent 3 or maybe more intact pregnancy produce an increased risk of cervical cancer. Nobody knows why such things happen.
5. The initial pregnant for a early age : Ladies who are pregnant at age under 17 years of age is sort of always 2x prone to develop cervical cancer in years, than ladies who delay pregnancy until age 25 years or older.
6. Low income : Poor women are in risk of cervical cancer is higher. This might be since they're not able to obtain adequate health, including Pap tests regularly.
7. DES (diethylstilbestrol) : DES is really a hormonal drug that's used involving the years 1940 to 1971 for most girls that come in danger of miscarriage. Female kids of the women who begin using these drugs, when they're pregnant are in risk for cervical cancer and vaginal slightly higher.
8. Genealogy and family tree : Cervical cancer might run in some families. Should your mother or sister had cervical cancer, your risk of developing cancer may be 2 or 3x the maximum amount of from other people who aren't. Because of the because women are less capable of fight HPV infection than other women in general.

Precisely what is Cervical Cancer ?

Illustration of what is Cervical Cancer

Precisely what is Cervical Cancer ? Cervical cancer is often a malignancy that occurs on the cervix. Cervical cancer is usually called cervical cancer or cervical cancer that begins from the lining with the cervix. Cervical cancer is formed very slowly, and can occur ages and initially detectable abnormalities in the cells from the cervix, called dysplasia via a Pap Pap test. To comprehend cervical cancer, it helps us to understand the anatomy of any woman's womb first.

Womb female anatomy :

Neck in the womb (cervix) could be the bottom with the uterus (womb). Womb has 2 parts. The top part, the body in the uterus, is where a child grows. The cervix, towards the bottom, connecting the entire body with the uterus towards vagina, generally known as the birth canal.

Female reproductive organs picture :

Womb Cervical Cancer

There's 2 sorts of cervical cancer. The most frequent type (80-90%) are squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and the rest is of type (begins in cells that produce mucus glands). Other kinds (such as melanoma, sarcoma, and lymphoma) usually is situated other places on the body. Your doctor will advise you the types of cervical cancer you've.

The quantity of women get cervical cancer ?

The prevalence of females with cervical cancer in Indonesia is pretty large. Every day, found 40-45 new cases with the quantity of deaths reached 20-25 people. As you move the quantity of women at risk of cervical cancer reached 48 million people. Doctor Laila Nuranna SpOG (K), Head of the Division of Obstetrics Gynecology Oncology Faculty of drugs, University of Indonesia, stated that the majority of cervical cancer cases are detected at a professional stage hospital can be so challenging to treat. "When the cancer is found early, it's easier handling and greater endurance," he explained in the campaign discussion and Cervical Cancer Treatment Efforts in Hotel Lumire Jakarta, Monday, April 12, 2010.

Non-invasive cervical cancer incidence prevalence is about 4x more established than invasive cervical cancers. Management of cervical cancer at a beginning stage / dii, large recovery opportunities.

Cervical cancer will happen in middle-aged women. Many cases are normally found in females who are under 50 years old. This really is rare in young ladies (age 2 decades). Some women are not aware of anytime the elderly, they are still at risk for cervical cancer. That is why it's important for women aged over 40 years to pass through regular Pap smear tests.

FAQs Tamoxifen and ARIMIDEX

Illustration of Tamoxifen and ARIMIDEX

FAQs Tamoxifen and ARIMIDEX. One of drug that can reduce some breast cancer cells.  Breast cancer help.

1. What is Tamoxifen and Arimidex ?

Hormone drug that is commonly given to breast cancer patients whose estrogen receptor positive (ER positive). This hormone medicines given for the purpose of blocking the effect or reduce levels of estrogen in breast cancer cases.

2. Hormone drugs form what ?

Generally shaped pill taken every day

3. How long should take this medicine ?

Usually doctors recommend the use of long-term (annual)

4. When doctors recommend the use of Tamoxifen ?

Usually in cases of early-stage breast cancer who have ER-positive, or in cases of advanced breast cancer and in people who are at high risk of cancer recurrence.

5. When doctors recommend the use of Arimidex ?

In patients with post-menopausal breast cancer and the cancer is ER positive, (can be used instead of tamoxifen)

6. What is the price of Tamoxifen and Arimidex ?

Tamoxifen: 1 month dose, varies approximately USD150 - 300
Arimidex: 1 month dose, varies around £ 1.8 million - 2.5 million

7. What is another name for Tamoxifen ?

Nolvadex, Istubal, and Valodex

8. What are the side effects of tamoxifen use ?

Complaints usually occur in the early use of Tamoxifen and gradually diminished over time. Various complaints (different each person) from the use of tamoxifen is well documented from breast cancer forums abroad, among others :

• nausea outstanding
• pain in bones and joints
• cramps in arms / legs and feet
• stiff neck (as there is heavy load on the neck)
• hampered and itchy feeling in neck
• hotflushes
• changes in mood / easy stress (mood swings)
• prolonged fatigue

9. What are the side effects of Arimidex ?

Various complaints (everyone is different) from the use of Arimidex, which is documented from breast cancer forums abroad, among others :

• sense of depression
• prolonged fatigue
• hot flushes
• easy tingling
• prolonged headache
• bone and joint pain

10. Is there a way to increase endurance during this period ?

Patients can consume Typhonium Plus, the natural herbs to boost the immune system of patients during and after cancer treatment. Recommended Dosage: 2 capsules 3 times a day. Click here for info about Typhonium Plus and patient testimonials.

Questions and Answers About Drug Herceptin - Treatment of breast cancer

Illustration of Treatment of breast cancer

Questions and Answers About Drug Herceptin - Treatment of breast cancer. Be helpful to know in advance about the breast cancer drug. Please refer to. FAQ about Breast Cancer.

1. What is Herceptin ?

That is a therapeutic antibody drug targets moniklonal (man-made version). The way it works is binding growth promoting protein called HER2/neu, which is a hormone that is believed to have contributed to the growth of cancer cells. It can also help the immune system to fight cancer better.

2. When Herceptin is recommended ?

Herceptin is usually recommended for breast cancer patients with HER2/neu positive conditions, the type of breast cancer is malignant and relatively quickly spread (invasive)

3. Herceptin given how long ago ?

Given once a week or three weeks through intravenous infusion.

4. What is the price of Herceptin ?

Herceptin vial 400mg, around £ 20-22 million

5. What is another name Herceptin ?

trastuzumab

6. What are the side effects of the use of Herceptin ?

Various complaints (different each person) from the use of Herceptin were documented from breast cancer forums abroad, among others :

• Shivering, especially after the first treatment .. can last up to 7-14 days, at other times the chills just 2 days
• flu-like symptoms: nasal congestion, runny nose
• bone and joint pain
• Tired around 1-2 weeks post-treatment, but not as bad as chemotherapy
• Mild diarrhea for 7-10 days, sometimes 14 days. No cramps / abdominal pain
• mild acne in the first two sessions, but has lost
• Hair thinning eyebrows and eyelashes after 18 weeks of treatment

7. What are other alternatives to this treatment ?

Patients can consume Typhonium Plus, the natural herbs to boost the immune system of patients during and after cancer treatment. Recommended Dosage: 2 capsules 3 times a day. Click here for info about Typhonium Plus and patient testimonials.

FAQ Breast Biopsy - Breast Cancer Treatments

Illustration of Breast Cancer Treatments

FAQ Breast Biopsy - Breast Cancer Treatments.  For Complete answer, let begin from the basic knowing about Biopsy - Breast cancer, bellow :

1. What is a breast biopsy ?

Breast biopsy is a procedure for taking samples of breast tissue suspected cancer. The tissue sample will then be taken to the pathology lab to be checked whether it is benign or cancerous. If the cancer is detected cancer, a biopsy can help to tell the type of breast cancer and indicate whether or not an invasive cancer. Breast cancer recovery phase.

2. Why do doctors recommend breast biopsy ?

Doctors may recommend a biopsy if :

1. Microcalcifications on mammography discovery, and when shaped cluster / cluster, can be a forerunner to breast cancer.
2. Breast lump size is quite large (more than 5 cm in diameter).
3. Have a family history of cancer.

3. Is biopsy (core needle) painful ?

Some people claim is a bit sick, some just less comfortable .. but most are tackled. Except for stereotactic biopsy, some patients complained of pain and requires local anesthesia.

4. What to watch / be prepared prior to breast biopsy performed ?

If you regularly take medications such as blood thinners Simarc, Ticlid, Fraxiparine, etc. then the doctor will ensure you to stop taking blood-thinning medication some time before the biopsy done.

5. What procedures are performed when a breast biopsy ?

• performed ultrasound on the lump for determining the location and depth of the point of biopsy
• patients will be local anesthetic (optional)
• sterilization in the biopsy area
• performed a biopsy needle insertion
• done taking tissue samples in the area suspected tumor
• sample results submitted to the pathology laboratory

6. How long implementation time of breast biopsy ?

Generally about 30 minutes to 1 hour.

7. What is the price range of needle biopsy ?

Approximately £1 million, and its pathology laboratory costs around £500K (price varies depending on the type of biopsy, tumor location, type of private hospitals / government, big city / small town, etc.).


8. What are the types of biopsies ?

Core needle biopsy (Core Needle Biopsy): NEEDLE used for this test BIGGER than fine needle biopsy. It is used to remove one or more core networks. Biopsy was performed under local anesthesia on patients.


9. Stereotactic biopsy

1. Performed as an outpatient procedure. Does not require stitches, and there is little scarring. This method is usually raised more tissue than core needle biopsy.
2. Surgical biopsy (open biopsy): Sometimes surgery is needed to remove all or part of a lump that can be seen under a microscope. The entire mass as well as some surrounding normal tissue can be taken out. This can be done while outpatient and using local anesthesia.

Lymphoedema Breast Cancer Recovery Phase

Illustration of Lymphoedema Breast Cancer Recovery Phase

Lymphoedema Breast Cancer Recovery Phase. Lymphoedema (lymphedema) is the swelling that occurs in certain parts of the body (such as an arm or leg above) due to disruption of the flow through the lymph vessels (lymph). Experts estimate that 5-40% of women who underwent surgical removal of the lump / breast lymphedema experienced at a certain level. Breast cancer treatments types.

Risk of having lymphoedema will be higher if :

• has breast cancer that has invaded the lymph nodes
• undergoing chemotherapy
• underwent surgical removal of the entire breast (mastectomy)
• lymph nodes and lymph vessels also entirely removed (lymph vessels in the underarm / axillary nodes).
• undergo radiation after surgical removal of lymph nodes
• fat / obese
• heavy smokers
• have diabetes
  
  

Veins (veins) and lymphatic vessels can be likened to pipes and drains that can cope with the normal load of lymph fluid. At the time of lymph nodes and lymph vessels is removed, then there is a buildup of lymph fluid due to inadequate plumbing and drain the lymph fluid to flow to the heart. Although not life threatening, but it can be quite disturbing routines lymphoedema sufferers. Feelings of discomfort, immune / or infection often experienced tingling in the affected area lymphoedema. Lymphoedema can improve itself when the cause is addressed (quickly).

How to Prevent Lymphoedema ?

Once you hit lymphoedema, then this condition will tend to persist or recur with different levels of seriousness. Because it's the best way to avoid lymphedema is prevented. Skin care (skin care) is the main base your defense. If you are new to undergo surgical removal of the breast, then nourish the skin around the breast and underarm area with well operations. Avoid the dry skin, sun-baked, abrasions or insect bite. Slight infection is enough to cause lymphedema in the arm. The following are signs of infection: fever, skin redness, swelling / warmth in the arm area at risk. When lymphedema is the case, then you should start taking an antibiotic when blisters occur in areas that are at risk. Antibiotic consumption is intended to kill bacteria to prevent infections that worsen lymphedema. Patients with lymphedema should also consult with your dentist if you are having problems teeth / gums. Doctor may need to provide preventive antibiotics before the procedure patched / tooth extraction done.

Tips Do :

• use moisturizing lotion (moisturizing lotion) or regular vaseline on your skin
• often frequent hand washing with mild soap and keep cleaning your hands
• Wear gloves when you wash dishes or clothes
• Wear gloves when you are gardening
• use cloth / tissue when holding plates / cups hot
• When you shave, use an electric shaver rather than manual
• brush antibiotic ointment (like Bactroban) if you are bitten by an insect or your fingers hurt when manicure / nail cutting.
• protect your skin from sunburn arm. Lotion with UV protection - SPF 15 is enough.
• rest your arm often often when you're doing housework, especially repetitive activity that causes your arm feels tired, heavy or itching.
• rest your arm elevated position, but fouled so that your arm muscles do not fatigue
• Control your blood sugar if you have diabetes
• You lose weight and limit your consumption of salt and sugar to prevent the buildup of body fluids.
• when a patient lymphedema want to travel by plane, use compression bandages or a compression sleeve and glove on the arm area at riskPicture Sleeve Compression and Compression Bandage

Tips Do :

• advised not shower or soak in warm water or steam bath / sauna
• Do not move the extreme temperature (hot to cold or vice versa) when you shower or wash
• Do not use heat patch, heat pad or hot balm to the area of ​​the arm, neck or shoulders.
• If you are massaged, masseur sure not to use a heater or warm lotion to your body
• Do not be carrying heavy things on the arm at risk, especially with the position of the arm carrying down
• Do not wear tight-sleeved shirt
• Do not wear watches or jewelry in the arm area at risk
• Do not use artificial breast / heavy prosthesis after a mastectomy.
• Do not smoke or drink a lot of alcohol
• Do not allow examination of blood pressure in your arm is at risk
• Do not allow the arm to accept risky injection / injection
• If you have a mastectomy on both breasts, then if necessary blood sampling, chose not dominant arm (left arm for example).
  

How to Cope with Lymphoedema ?

Exercise / sports with moderate rhythm combined with a bandage on the arm-risk area is an effective way to pump the lymph fluid back into circulation. Enlist the help of an expert to teach nurses how to use bandages correctly. Some useful exercise, among others: the arm stretching exercises, light weights (0.5-1 kg) or swim. Be careful not to do strenuous exercise that involves repetitive arm movements because it may increase the risk. When lymphedema is very disturbing, the doctor may suggest surgery (a common practice in Europe). But it needs to be considered carefully with all its consequences by you.

Type of the Breast Cancer Treatment

Illustration of Type of the Breast Cancer Treatment

Type of the Breast Cancer Treatment. Therapy for Breast Cancer Treatment may be classified into major groups for the way they work when they are utilized. Breast cancer stadium.

1. Local management of local or systemic treatment methods are helpful to treat breast cancer tumors without having affected the rest of the body. Surgery and radiotherapy are samples of local treatment.
   
   
2. Systemic management of breast cancer administered into your blood or from the mouth and moves through the body to realize cancer cells which could have spread beyond the breast. Chemotherapy, hormone therapy, targeted therapy and systemic treatments.

Adjuvant therapy & Neo-adjuvant

Anybody will not appear to have cancer remaining after surgery, but had been given treatment, it is called adjuvant therapy. Currently a doctor may believe that the cancer cells have broken away from the main tumor and began to spread from the bloodstream. It is rather hard to know whether this is actually the case. When this occurs, the cancer cells can begin in order to create new tumors in other organs or bones. The aim of adjuvant therapy is to eliminating the hidden cells. But is not every patient needs this therapy.

And for Breast Cancer Treatment, Some people are given systemic treatment (most likely chemotherapy) before surgery to shrink the tumor. This is known as neo-adjuvant therapy.

Stage Breast Cancer

Illustration of Stage Breast Cancer

Stage Breast Cancer. Stage breast cancer is the most important factor in choosing a breast cancer treatment options. Staging is based on whether breast cancer is invasive or non-invasive, the size of the tumor, how many lymph nodes are involved, and whether breast cancer has spread to other parts of the body. Cause of breast cancer.

Test to determine the stage Breast Cancer

1. Doctors may use one or more of the following tests to determine whether her breast cancer has spread or not.
2. Chest X-ray: to find out whether the cancer has spread to the lungs.
3. Bone Scan: to find out whether the cancer has spread to the bone.
4. CT scan (computed tomography)
5. MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)
6. Ultrasound and Mammography
7. PET scan (positron emission tomography)
8. Determination Stage Breast Cancer with TNM system

The most common system used to describe the stage of breast cancer is the TNM system. This system takes into account the size and spread of the tumor (T), whether the cancer has spread to the lymph nodes (N), and whether it has spread to distant organs (M, for metastasis). Numbers after the T, N, and M give details of the cancer.

All this information is combined in a process called stage grouping. Phase is then expressed as a roman numeral. After stage 0 (carcinoma in there), other stages I to IV (1-4). Some stages are further divided using the letters A, B, and C. As a rule, the lower the amount, less the cancer has spread. Higher number, such as stage IV (4), means a more advanced cancer. Breast cancer with the same stages tend to have similar views and often treated the same way.

After seeing the results of your test, your doctor will tell you the stage of your breast cancer. Stage breast cancer can be complex. Make sure you ask your doctor for an explanation of the stages of breast cancer in a way that you can understand. This will help you both decide the best treatment.

Stage breast cancer :

Called O non-invasive breast cancer. There are 2 types, namely DCIS (ductal carcinoma in situ) and LCIS (lobular carcinoma in there).

1. small invasive cancer (tumor size <2 cm and not invaded the lymph nodes)
2. invasive cancer (tumor size 2-5 cm and has invaded the lymph nodes)
3. of the invasive cancer (tumor size> 5 cm and a lump protruding to the surface of the skin, broken or bloody / purulent)

Cancer cells have metastesis IV / spread to other organs such as the lungs, liver, bone or brain