Liver cancer Stadium and Treatment of liver cancer

Liver cancer Stadium and Treatment of liver cancer. Before suggesting some liver cancer treatment options for you, the doctor usually needs to know the stage of cancer of the liver. Liver cancer treatments.

There are four stadium of liver cancer :

Illustration of Liver cancer stadium

1. Stadium I : liver cancer is local and may be appointed/surgery. The Tumor is 2 centimeters or less, is located in the single heart and can be done surgically.
   
2. Stadium II : liver cancer still is local and can be operated on. At this stage, the cancer is present in one or more locations in the heart but did not spread to the lymph nodes or nearby blood vessels.
   
3. Stadium III : at this stage, the cancer has not spread to other organs or lymph nodes. Usually the size of tumors already > 2 cm.
   
4. Stadium IV : at this stage, the cancer is present in more than one lobe of liver, may have spread to nearby lymph nodes, other organs (but not the gallbladder) and structures (such as the peritoneum), and growing into or around the blood vessels.

The Types Of Treatment Liver Cancer

Liver cancer treatment varies from patient to patient. Treatment approach is tailored to the needs of patients and to take into consideration the following factors: (1) the tumor size and location, (2) the stage of cancer, (3) the General State of health of a patient, and (4) the age of cancer.

Treatment options for liver cancer are :

SURGERY

Surgery is the action level of success is quite high, especially for patients who are the size of his liver tumors are small (under 5 cm). Two types of surgery to treat liver cancer are: the true and a liver transplant. But when the cancer was spreading out liver (lymph nodes, etc.), surgery may be less effective.

Types of surgery for patients with liver cancer :

• True partial : only lift cancer dissection course (a portion of the liver).

• The true total : a complex operation in which the entire liver/liver to be lifted. This procedure is followed by a liver transplant because the body cannot live without a heart.

• Liver transplantation : this surgical procedure involves two steps. Liver/liver healthy organs to be taken from a donor (the person who is dying of a brain) and then implanted into the body to replace a liver organ/liver patients who are damaged. Liver transplantation is a fairly expensive action costs.

The main side effects including liver transplant :

1. The high risk of infection.
2. Bleeding that is caused by the inability of the new liver organs produce the clotting protein
3. Freezing in the main blood vessel supply blood to the liver
4. Rejection of the liver transplant outcomes (not accepted by the body)
5. Cryosurgery is a minimally invasive procedure: (to kill cancer cells by means of frozen), substantially minimize pain and post-surgical scars so that patients recovered faster. But there are some risks associated, such as damage to nearby healthy tissue and nervous tissue.

• Radiofrequency Ablation : a minimally invasive method is another high level of success in lifting of liver cancer. This method works kill cancer cells with "cooking" them. The trick is: drain the electricity via radio frequency to a liver organ for removing the tumor.

RADIOTHERAPY

Radiotherapy uses particles of x-rays to destroy cancer cells. Patients of liver cancer may receive radiation therapy in a number of forms. External Radiation: uses an external device (linear accelerator) to generate x-rays are focused on liver tumors  internal Radiation of radioactive particles attached: namely in the seeds, wires, or catheters, needles that are placed in the tumor tissue. Radio-labeled antibodies: using radioactive substances attached to an artificial antibody to kill cancer cells. Side effects of radiotherapy include: chronic fatigue, irritation of the skin (the skin is red, dry, or gently in the area of exposure), loss of appetite and easily exposed to infection.

CHEMOTHERAPY

Chemotherapy is the use of drugs to kill cancer cells. Chemotherapy for liver cancer can be given in the form of pills, intravenous infusion or injected directly into the tumor site (called chemo regional). The advantage of regional chemotherapy is to minimize the side effects of chemotherapy on healthy cells.

The following are the types of chemotherapy drugs for cancer of the liver are commonly used :

1. State Of The First-Order Second-Order Sequence Of A Third
2. Europe Gemcitabine Is Oxaliplatin Mitomycin
3. Gemcitabine Is Bevacizumab Fluororacil United States
4. Japan Epirubicin Gemcitabine Is Mitomycin
5. China Fluororacil Pirarubicin Oxaliplatin

The side effects of chemotherapy include: easy bruising, are easily infected/bloody, lethargy, hair loss, thrush & bleeding gums, nausea vomiting and loss of appetite.

These kinds of regional chemotherapy, among others :

• Hepatic Artery Chemoembolization : this treatment uses anticancer drugs are injected into the liver artery to block the flow of blood to the heart/liver. This blockage can be temporary or permanent, and allow drugs to kill cancer cells by stopping the supply of blood is rich in oxygen and nutrients to the tumor. However, this approach does not damage other parts of the heart, which continues to receive blood from the portal vein. The most common side effects of this method are: nausea, vomiting, fever, abdominal pain, fatigue, infections or problems with the device of the pump (which is used).

• Hepatic Arterial Infusion : a treatment option in which chemotherapy agents is infused in the arteries of the heart. Drugs are periodically inserted through the catheter.

• Isolated Liver Perfusion : the method is still in clinical trials. The goal is to expose the heart with high-dose chemotherapy which supply blood to the heart temporarily stopped. This Treatment requires complex operations in which a catheter is inserted into the liver artery, portal vein and veins and heart.

• Perkutaneus with Ethanol injection : an innovative procedure is with low mortality rates where the liver cancer killed by ethanol (alcohol). These substances are injected into the tumor. Alcohol destroys tumors with less of water cell cancer and alter cellular protein structures. The most common side effects of this treatment are fever and pain caused by the leakage of alcohol on the surface of the heart and into the abdominal cavity.

• Portal Vein embolization : is treatment approach in which the blood supply of portal venous congestion. This treatment has two benefits: 1) substantially reduces a portion of the liver (where usually the tumour is located) and 2) causes liver organs that are left to grow. Methods of embolization is pre-step operation for patients who need surgery but the size was too large for cancer.

TARGET THERAPY

Liver cancer treatments is quite resistant to chemotherapy drugs mostly. To overcome this, have developed new drugs (therapeutic targets) such as Sorafenib (Nexavar ®). However, the drug is still very expensive price (USD 5000 + per month) and still need to study its effectiveness in treating liver cancer, especially advanced stage liver cancer. India company called Cipla Ltd. is planning to sell the generic version for 1/10 of the price of Sorafenib (Nexavar ®), but still in the status of ' pending court case '.

Biological therapies: also called immunotherapy is a type of treatment used to improve the body's natural defenses. This treatment uses the immune system to fight cancer or to lessen side effects caused by cancer treatment. Examples of immune therapy is to consume: Typhonium Plus ® that works improves body endurance to be able to fight off cancer cells and reduces side effects (chemotherapy) as well as speed up post-operative recovery.